Arab oil embargo, temporary cessation of oil shipments from the middle east to the united states and the netherlands, imposed by oil producing arab countries in october 1973 in retaliation for u. Aphenry griffin the month that killed the middle class. For the main arab producers, the embargo allowed them to show to the arab street that they. Prices remained at higher levels even after the embargo ended in march 1974. Us ready to invade middle east in 1973 news al jazeera. First, in october 1973, the arab israeli conflict prompted a group of arab oil producers the organization of arab petroleum exporting countries to institute a selective embargo on oil exports.
Pdf the organization of arab petroleum exporting countries oapeq stated that the 19731974 oil embargo was designed to force israel to return the. Why did arab nations place an oil embargo on the united states in 1973. Riyadh has no intention of repeating 1973 oil embargo. They meant to punish the western nations that supported israel, their foe, in the yom kippur war, but they also realized the. Oil imports from arab oil producing nations are banned to the united states after the start of the arab israeli war, creating the 1973 energy crisis. The arab oil embargo was the first oil crisis, an oil supply disruption leading to major price increases and a.
The opec oil embargo was a decision to stop exporting oil to the united states. During the 1973 arabisraeli war, arab members of the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec imposed an embargo against the united states. The 1973 embargo affected oil supply in international market and also led to the. October 2003 marked the 30 th anniversary of the arab oil embargo levied against the netherlands as a punishment for its proisraeli stance in the october war. An essay about the arab oil embargo in 1973 and economic security william payne essay politics international politics topic.
This event was a refusal of arab countries to sell oil to proisraeli countries. The arab oil embargo and why the united states topscholar. How did the 1973 oil embargo affect the us answers. States might take military action in order to secure free access to its energy supplies. The 1973 oil embargo arab oil diplomacy scholarworks at wmu. Members of oapec proclaimed an embargo of oil shipments to the u. During the 1973 arab israeli war, arab members of the organization of petroleum exporting countries opec imposed an embargo against the united states in retaliation for the u.
Naturally, everyones first thought in this context would be of the 1973 arab oil embargo that followed israels victory in yet another war and that unveiled the wests heavy dependence on. Pdf opec organization of petroleum exporting countries. Arab oil producers had met in kuwait to discuss wartime oil supply policy where they decided, as this cable reported, to begin a complete embargo on oil to the united states. In october of 1973, members of the organization of arab petroleum exporting countriesor opecplaced an oil embargo against the united states and many of its nato allies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Times, sunday times 2011 oil embargoes, financial sanctions and trade restrictions will be waived. The old rules no longer apply leon mill spraypaints a sign outside his phillips 66 station in perkasie, pa. This masters thesisopen access is brought to you for free and open. The 1973 oil crisis by sarah horton in october of 1973 middleeastern opec nations stopped exports to the us and other western nations. In october 1973, the organisation of petroleum exporting countries opec imposed an oil embargo on municipalities perceived to be supporters of israel during the yom kippur war.
In 1967 israel launched the six day war, claiming much land. The arab oil embargo, began in 1973 after the us decision to aid israel, was mostly the course of. In the years that followed the 1973 embargo, a cutoff of middle eastern oil was regarded as a grave national threat. The arab oil embargo and united states pressure against chile.
The energy crisis and the arab oil embargoes of 1973 and 1979. Political unrest in the oil rich middle east contributed significantly to americas economic troubles. The initial nations targeted were canada, japan, the netherlands, the united kingdom and the united states with the embargo also later extended to portugal. On october 19, 1973, the 12 opec members agreed to the embargo. Auto rickshaws had not arrived, railways had coal engines. The 1973 oil crisis is a direct consequence of the us production peak in late 1960 and the beginning of 1971 and shortages, especially for heating oil, started from there.
The 1973 oil crisis began in october 1973 when the members of the organization of arab petroleum exporting countries proclaimed an oil embargo. This dramatic move was retaliation against the west for their military support of. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the student journals at case. According to opec, exports were to be reduced by 5. Opec was formed in 1960, largely as a way for governments of oil producing nations to capture oil revenues that, at the time, were going to foreign producing firms. In 1967 israel launched the sixday war, claiming much land.
The 1973 oil embargo brought the united states facetoface with the. The embargo as described below is the practical name given to the crisis. The 1973 oil crisis began in october 1973 when the members of the organization of arab. In late 1973, opec took advantage of the october war and an oil embargo by its arab members to quadruple the price of oil. What were the effects of the 1973 oil embargo answers. Bj us history chapter 25 part 1 flashcards quizlet. A short glance at the literature on the arab oil embargo can expose the limits of. This fall marks the fortieth anniversary of the arab oil embargo, a painful episode in american history that had a profound effect on both the economy and psyche of the united states. Forty years have passed since the arab oil embargo went into effect on oct.
History high school documentary project including interviews with governor michael dukakis, congressman barney frank, secretary of energy charles dun. Shamma, amal mustafa, the 1973 oil embargo arab oil diplomacy. The second part deals with the impact of the opec oil embargo of 1973. The arab oil embargo and united states pressure against.
What was the effect of the 1973 arab oil embargo on india. New insights on the growing weakness of the united states. Its time that we exorcised the ghosts of 1973 once and for all. From the vantage point of policymakers in the federal reserve, an oil embargo by arab producers against the us further complicated the macroeconomic environment in the early 1970s. The assumptions were demolished in 1973 when oil embargo imposed members of organization of arab petroleum exporting countries oapec led to fuel shortages and skyhigh prices throughout much of the decade. The assessment followed the decision in october 1973 by arab nations to.
The arab oil embargo of 1973 was a direct result of arabs being infuriated that western nations supported israel in the arab israeli war of 1973. Parallels the embargo led to long gas lines and shaped u. Time to lay the 1973 oil embargo to rest cato institute. It is important to separate the energy crisis from the arab oil embargo of 1973. On october 6, 1973, egyptian and syrian troops attacked israel in an attempt to regain the land occupied by israel since 1967, and for several days the israeli army had its back against the wall. The arab oil embargo, began in 1973 after the us decision.
History of inernational relations publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. People were more localized, less inter city travel, produce was also more localized. The first oil crisis was triggered by the yomkippur war, the second by the revolution. An essay about the arab oil embargo in 1973 and economic. On october 6, 1973, the war opening date, kissinger told israel not to go for a preemptive strike, and meir confirmed to him that israel would not. The embargo was targeted at nations perceived as supporting israel during the yom kippur war. This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by topscholar. This article is brought to you for free and open access by the student journals at case western reserve university school of law scholarly commons. The 1973 oil crisis by sarah horton pennsylvania envirothon. The arab oil embargo launched in october of 1973 shocked an unprepared american government, jolted the nations driving public, and by the time it ended in. The embargo began on october 17, 1973, when the organization of arab petroleum exporting countries, or oapec, declared they would immediately cut oil production by 5 percent and will continue until israel withdrew from the west bank, gaza, and jerusalem. After suffering a humiliating defeat at the hands of israel in the 1973 yom kippur war, arab leaders unsheathed a new political weapon oil. After the united states provided support to israel.
This huge increase had a devastating impact on the american economy. Angry arabs turn off the oil spigot king faisal ruled saudi arabia from 1964 to 1975 and was instrumental in the 1973 74 arab oil embargo. How october 1973 slammed america from the arab oil embargo to the auto workers strike, one. The fallout from the opec oil embargo of 1973 74 was extensive. Nations around the world were targeted, most of which experienced dramatic economic and geopolitical strain. The freeze had particularly adverse impacts, however, on domestic oil markets. Oil embargo definition and meaning collins english. Yet, in april 1973, the saudi arabian oil minister sheikh ahmed zaki. Opec oil embargo of 1973 on october 17, 1973, arab oil producers declared anembargo that drastically limited the shipment of oil to theunited states opec embargo. We were using horse drawn carriages called tongas in those days.
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